Discovering Periodic Trends

Name ____________________________________________ Date ________________ Partner ___________________________________________ Block _____________

Part 1: Go to the following website: http://chemmac1.usc.edu/java/ptable/ptable.html

Click on atomic weight in the pull down window. Notice the table changes colors and the two windows open with atomic weight data. Note the window to the right of the table is the group trend and the window on the bottom is the period trend.

Complete the Table by clicking on the elements to display the group and period trend. 

Record the period and group number of the element. Put a (↑) next to the number if the atomic weight increase down the group and/or across the period (left to right). Put a (↓) next to the number  if the atomic weight decreases down the group and/or period

Summarize your discovery by completing the statement below.

Atomic weight _________ as you gown down a group and _____________ as you go across the period.

Click on Atomic Radius in the pull down window. Complete the Table by clicking on the elements to display the group and period trend. 

Record the period and group number of the element. Put a (↑) next to the number if the atomic radius increase down the group and/or across the period (left to right). Put a (↓) next to the number  if the atomic radius decreases down the group and/or period

Summarize your discovery by completing the statement below.

Atomic radius _________ as you gown down a group and _____________ as you go across the period.

Click on  density in the pull down window. Study the pattern of all of the elements listed in the table above. Summarize your observations by completing the statements below by writing increases or decreases.

Density ______________ as you go down a group. As you go across the period first  density ____________ and then density ____________ across a period.

Click on  boiling point in the pull down window. Study the pattern of all of the elements listed in the table above. Summarize your observations by completing the statements below by writing increases or decreases

Boiling Point ______________ as you go down a group. As you go across the period first  boiling point ____________ and then boiling point ____________ across a period.

Click on  electronegativity in the pull down window. Study the pattern of all of the elements listed in the table above. Summarize your observations by completing the statements below by writing increases or decreases

Electronegativity  ______________ as you go down a group and ______________ as you go across the period. 

Click on first ionization potential in the pull down window. Study the pattern of all of the elements listed in the table above. Summarize your observations by completing the statements below by writing increases or decreases

First Ionization potential ______________ as you go down a group and ______________ as you go across the period. 

Part 2:  Go to the following website to see line graphs of various trends: http://college.cengage.com/chemistry/intro/zumdahl/intro_chemistry/5e/students/protected/periodictables/index.html

Click on Graph by Atomic Radius and follow the directions to view line graphs of various groups and periods. After you have studied the graphs click on the questions icon and answer the two questions.

1.      What is the general trend in atomic radius as you go down a column in the periodic table? _______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________

2.      What is the general trend in atomic radius as you go from left-to-right across a row of the periodic table? _____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________

Fill-in the blanks in the following paragraph.

Two opposing factors—changes in the ______________________________________ (n) and changes in the ___________________________________________________ (Z_eff)—influence the trends in atomic radius. As the principal quantum number___________, so does the size of the outermost _______________, so the atomic radius _______________. As effective nuclear charge ______________, so does the attraction of the nucleus for the outermost electrons, so atomic radius ______________.

Click on Graph by Electron Affinity and follow the directions to view line graphs of various groups and periods. After you have studied the graphs click on the questions icon and answer the questions.

1.      What is the general trend in electron affinity as you go down a column in the periodic table? _______________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2.      What is the general trend in electron affinity as you go from left-to-right across a row of the periodic table? ___________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3.      How do the trends in atomic radius and effective nuclear charge account for the trends in electron affinity? _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Click on Graph by Electronegativity and follow the directions to view line graphs of various groups and periods. After you have studied the graphs click on the questions icon and answer the questions.

1.      What is the general trend in electronegativity as you go down a column in the periodic table? ________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________

2.      What is the general trend in electronegativity as you go from left-to-right across a row of the periodic table? ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________

3.      Are these general trends in electronegativity the same or the opposite of the general trends in atomic radius? How do the trends in atomic radius affect the trends in electronegativity? ______________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4.      Based on the general trends in electronegativity, where in the periodic table would you expect to find the elements with the highest electronegativities and the elements with the lowest electronegativities? ________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Click on Graph by Ionization Energy and follow the directions to view line graphs of various groups and periods. After you have studied the graphs click on the questions icon and answer the questions.

1.      What is the general trend in first ionization energy as you go down a column in the periodic table? ________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________

2.      What is the general trend in first ionization energy as you go from left-to-right across a row of the periodic table? ______________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________

3.      Are these general trends in first ionization energy the same or the opposite of the general trends in atomic radius? How do the trends in atomic radius affect the trends in first ionization energy? _______________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4.      Based on the general trends in first ionization energy, where in the periodic table would you expect to find the elements with the highest ionization energies and the elements with the lowest ionization energies? ________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Part 3: This site is a slide show on the periodic table including trends. Answer the questions as you follow the slide show.

http://www.wwnorton.com/college/chemistry/gilbert/tutorials/interface.asp?chapter=chapter_06&folder=periodic_table

1.      The first useful periodic table was developed by _____________________________. He left ___________________ for  elements not yet discovered and predicated their chemical properties.

2.      Mendeleev based his table on increasing atomic _____________. The modern table used today is based on increasing atomic _______________.

3.      The ___________________ equals the number of protons. In Netral atoms it equals the number of _____________________. The average weighted mass of an element is expressed in _______.

4.      Vertical columns are known as ____________________. Elements in the same group have similar ______________ properties. The groups are numbered from ____ to _____.

Move your mouse over the red labels for descriptions.

5.      Group 1 is known as the ______________________. They are _____________ and __________ conductors with ____ valance electron and therefore are unstable and _______________.

6.      Group 2 is known as the ____________________________________________ and are good conductors of __________ and _________________ and have ___ valance electrons.

7.      Groups 3-12 are known as the ___________________________________________ and many of them have several different _______________ states.

8.      List the 8 other metals: ____, ____, ____, ____, ____, ____, ____, and ____.

9.      List the 7 metalloids: ____, ____, ____, ____, ____, ____, and ____.

10.  Group 17 is known as the _______________ which means _____________________.

11.  Group 18 is known as the ________________ containing elements with a ________ outermost subshell making them very _______________.

12.  Horizontally the table is divided into _________________ which are numbered ___ to ____. The period number corresponds to the ______________________________ _________________________.

13.  An element is either a __________, _______________ or a ____________________ which has properties of both metals and nonmetals.

14.  The periodic table is divided into blocks corresponding to the atomic _____________occupied by the valance electrons. Groups 1, 2 and helium are ____ blocks. Groups 3-12 are _____ blocks. Groups 13-18 except helium are _____ blocks. The Lanthanide and actinide series are _____ blocks.

15.  _____________________________ is a measure of the ability of an element to attract electrons towards itself in a covalent bond. Electronegativity generally __________  from left to right and top to bottom in the periodic table.

16.  ________________________ refers to the approximate size of the atom’s electron cloud. Atomic radius ___________ in size from top to bottom and from right to left  on the periodic table.

17.  Click on the elements to complete the table

18.  Questions:

1)      Which element has the following ground state electron configurations:                                         [Kr]4d⁵5s² ____    [Ar]3d¹⁰4s²4p⁴ ____     [[Xe]6s¹ ____    1s²2s²2p³ _____

2)      Draw the arrow you used for

Electronegativity _____   Atomic Radius _____    

3)      Which element has the greatest electronegativity? a. _____   b. _____

4)      Which element has the largest atomic radius? a. _____   b. _____

5)      Concept question: __________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Part 4: Make all 12 flash cards.

http://www.mindpicnic.com/cardbox/periodic-trends/

Part 5: Go to this site for a written review for periodic trends.

http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Lab/4097/chem/chap4/periodictrends.html

Write a short summary of the following terms based on the information provided on this website.

Atomic Radius: __________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Electronegativity: _________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Ionization Energy: ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Reactivity: ______________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Ionic Radius: ____________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Atomic Radius: __________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Melting Point: ___________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Questions on periodic trends

http://www.sciencegeek.net/Chemistry/taters/Unit2PeriodicTrends.htm

Answer all thirty questions: What was your score? _______________________________

Homework: Listen to the two lectures on periodic trends and take notes.

http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-3689291584547854717

http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=1418093568748188816

Bonus Activity: Follow the detailed directions on the website.

http://www.dbooth.net/mhs/chem/trendgraph.html